As a seasoned hunter and outdoor writer with over a decade of experience, I’ve spent countless hours in the field pursuing the fast-flying mourning and white-winged dove. Choosing the best dove loads for 12 gauge shotguns is crucial for a successful hunt, and it’s a topic I get asked about constantly. It’s not just about power; it’s about pattern density, recoil management, and matching the load to your shotgun and the specific hunting conditions. This guide will break down everything you need to know to select the best dove shells 12 gauge for your next outing, covering everything from shot size and velocity to dove hunting choke tubes and shotgun selection. We’ll also touch on other gauges, but the focus will be on the incredibly versatile 12 gauge.
Dove hunting is a challenging sport. These birds are small, quick, and often hold at considerable distances. Effective dove hunting requires a shotgun that patterns well and a load that delivers sufficient energy to cleanly knock down the bird. According to the National Park Service, safe gun handling and understanding your firearm’s capabilities are paramount. Before diving into specific loads, let’s cover the fundamentals.
The most common and generally recommended shot size for dove is #7.5 or #8. #7.5 offers a good balance of energy and pattern density, while #8 provides even more pellets in the pattern, increasing your chances of a hit. I’ve found that #9 can be effective in very close-range situations, but it lacks the range for typical dove hunting scenarios. Larger shot sizes like #6 are generally overkill and can result in excessive meat damage. The Leave No Trace principles also encourage ethical hunting practices, including minimizing waste.
Shotgun shell velocity is measured in feet per second (fps). Higher velocity generally means a flatter trajectory and more energy on target. However, it also translates to increased recoil. “Dram equivalent” is a measure of the powder charge in the shell. For dove hunting, you don’t need a high-powered, heavy load. In fact, lighter loads are often preferable for reducing recoil and improving follow-up shot speed. Loads in the 1180-1200 fps range are typically ideal.
After years of testing and hunting, here are some of the best 12 gauge shotgun shells for dove hunting that consistently deliver excellent results. I’ll categorize them based on price and performance.
The Winchester Xpert Steel Dove & Clay is a standout performer. While technically a steel load, it’s designed to mimic the performance of lead, offering excellent patterns and minimal recoil. It’s a bit pricier, but the consistent performance is worth the investment. I’ve consistently achieved tight patterns at 40 yards with this load.
Federal Classic loads are a reliable and affordable option. They provide good patterns and manageable recoil, making them a great choice for both experienced and novice dove hunters. They are readily available and consistently perform well. This is a solid best dove load 12 gauge option for hunters on a budget.
The Remington Nitro 27 is a versatile load that performs well in a variety of shotguns. It offers a good balance of velocity, pattern density, and recoil. It’s a reliable choice for all-around dove hunting.
Fiocchi Golden Pheasant shells are a surprisingly good value. They offer decent patterns and manageable recoil at a very competitive price point. While not as consistent as some of the premium options, they are a viable choice for hunters looking to save money. These are a good cheap shotguns for dove hunting companion.
Your dove hunting choke tubes play a critical role in pattern density and range. A choke constricts the shot pattern, making it tighter over longer distances. For dove hunting, I recommend using a Modified or Improved Cylinder choke.
Experiment with different chokes to see what patterns best in your shotgun with your chosen load. Patterning your shotgun is essential – see the REI Expert Advice article for detailed instructions.
While any 12 gauge shotgun can technically be used for dove hunting, some are better suited to the task than others. A lightweight, over-under or semi-automatic shotgun is ideal. Here are a few considerations when selecting a good shotgun for dove hunting.
Over-under shotguns are known for their reliability and balance. They are a classic choice for dove hunting and offer a smooth shooting experience. They are generally more expensive than semi-automatic shotguns.
Semi-automatic shotguns offer faster follow-up shots, which can be crucial when hunting fast-moving dove. They are generally lighter than over-under shotguns and can be a good choice for hunters who prefer a more modern firearm. Look for a semi auto 20 gauge dove gun if you prefer a lighter recoil.
While the 12 gauge is the most popular choice, the 20 gauge is gaining popularity for dove hunting. A best 20 gauge dove load can offer reduced recoil and lighter weight, making it a good option for smaller-framed hunters or those who prefer a more manageable firearm. The USDA Forest Service often provides information on hunting regulations and appropriate firearms for specific areas.
Beyond the shotgun and shells, here’s a quick checklist of essential gear:
Ultimately, the best shotgun shells for dove hunting are the ones that pattern best in your shotgun and that you are comfortable shooting. Experiment with different loads and chokes to find what works best for you. Remember to prioritize safety, ethical hunting practices, and responsible gun handling. Happy hunting!
Disclaimer: Hunting regulations vary by state and location. Always check and comply with all applicable laws and regulations before hunting.